1 - Words endings in /t/ or /d/: pronounced /tId/ or /dId/ (eg: needed, wanted).

2 - Words endings in voiceless sounds / p , k , f , θ , s , ∫ , t∫ / : pronounced / t / (eg: stopped, worked, laughed, toothed, advanced, finished, reached).

3 - Others: pronounced / d / (eg: cared, signed, gunned).

4 - Exception: --> pronounced /Id/ :

• · aged (adj – lớn tuổi), blessed (adj.- thiêng liêng, thần thánh), crooked (adj - cong), dogged (adj - lì lợm), jagged (răng cưa, lởm chởm, Am E.: say bí tỷ) learned (adj.- thông thái, có học thức), naked (adj – trần trụi), ragged (adj - tả tơi, xơ xác), rugged (gồ ghề, lởm chởm, cục mịch), snagged (nhiều trở ngại, có cắm nhiều cừ), wicked (adj – tinh quái, xấu xa), wretched (adj – khốn khổ, tồi tệ), sacred (linh thiêng, thần thánh), one-legged (một chân, thọt)...
• 
  

5 - Other spelling: picnic -> picnicked -> picnicker (n).

English Tongue Twisters

1st International Collection of Tongue Twisters © 1996-2007 by Michael Reck

www.uebersetzung.at

1

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

2

A quick witted cricket critic.

3

IF IF = THEN THEN THEN = ELSE ELSE ELSE = IF;

(programming language PL/I by Bruce Walker)       

- Rough Translation:

Hard for PL/I compilers to understand. The key to understanding this is that there is no lexical distinction between keywords (IF, THEN, and ELSE) and variables, which can also be IF, THEN, and ELSE. Likewise, there is no lexical distinction between testing for equality ('=') and assignment ('='). So, this means: If the variable IF is equal to the variable THEN, assign the variable ELSE to the variable THEN, otherwise, assign the variable IF to the variable ELSE. As with many tongue twisters in natural languages, this is NOT good style.

4

I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop.

Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits.

5

How many boards

Could the Mongols hoard

If the Mongol hordes got bored?

 (from the comic Calvin & Hobbes, by Bill Waterson)

6

How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?

7

Send toast to ten tense stout saints' ten tall tents. (by Raymond Weisling)

A tongue-twister is a phrase that is designed to be difficult to articulate properly. Tongue-twisters may rely on similar but distinct phonemes (e.g., s [s] and sh [ʃ]), unfamiliar constructs in loanwords, or other features of a language.

(F, W, Voiced Z)

  Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear,

  Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair.

  Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t fuzzy, was he?

(Voiced V)

  Vincent vowed vengeance very viciously.

(P)

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. 

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

How many peppers did Peter Piper pick?

(SH, S and Z)

She sells seashells by the seashore.

The shells she sells are surely seashells.

So if she sells shells on the seashore, I’m sure she sells seashore shells 

   1. accessary, accessory

   2. ad, add

   3. ail, ale

   4. air, heir

   5. aisle, I'll, isle

   6. all, awl

   7. allowed, aloud

   8. alms, arms

   9. altar, alter

  10. arc, ark

  11. aren't, aunt

  12. ate, eight

  13. auger, augur

  14. auk, orc

  15. aural, oral

  16. away, aweigh

  17. awe, oar, or, ore

  18. axel, axle

  19. aye, eye, I

  20. bail, bale

  21. bait, bate